Search for: All records

In this study, we investigate the transition between the Newtonian and the viscoelastic regimes during the pinch-off of droplets of dilute polymer solutions and discuss its link to the coil-stretch transition. The detachment of a drop from a nozzle is associated with the formation of a liquid neck that causes the divergence of the local stress in a vanishingly small region. If the liquid is a polymer solution, this increasing stress progressively unwinds the polymer chains, up to a point where the resulting increase in the viscosity slows down drastically the thinning. This threshold to a viscoelastic behavior corresponds to a macroscopic strain rate. In the present study, we characterize the variations of with respect to the polymer concentration and molar weight, to the solvent viscosity, and to the nozzle size, i.e. , the weight of the drop. We provide empirical scaling laws for these variations. We also analyze the thinning dynamics at the transition and show that it follows a self-similar dynamics controlled by the time scale  c −1 . This characteristic time is different and always shorter than the relaxation time of the polymer. 

When a droplet is generated, the ligament connecting the drop to the nozzle thins down and eventually pinches off. Adding solid particles to the liquid phase leads to a more complex dynamic, notably by increasing the shear viscosity. Moreover, it introduces an additional length scale to the system, the diameter of the particles, which eventually becomes comparable to the diameter of the ligament. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the thinning and pinch-off of drops of suspensions with two different sizes of particles. We characterize the thinning for different particle size ratios and different proportions of small particles. Long before the pinch-off, the thinning rate is that of an equivalent liquid whose viscosity is that of the suspension. Later, when the ligament thickness approaches the size of the large particles, the thinning accelerates and leads to an early pinch-off. We explain how the bidisperse particle size distribution lowers the viscosity by making the packing more efficient, which speeds up the thinning. This result can be used to predict the dynamics of droplet formation with bidisperse suspensions.